The primary purpose of the creation of humankind and jinn, according to the Quran, is worship (ibadah). This is clearly stated in the verse:
"And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me." (Quran 51:56)
This concept of worship is not limited to ritualistic acts like prayer (salat) and fasting (sawm). Scholars have elaborated on its meaning, suggesting it encompasses acknowledging God's Lordship, obeying His commands, and submitting to His will.
- Submission and Acknowledgment: Some interpretations suggest that "to worship Me" means "to acknowledge My Lordship" or "to submit to My command, whether willingly or unwillingly." (Tabari — Jami' al-Bayan, s. V21/P553-V21/P555; Kurtubi — al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Qur'an, s. V17/P054-V17/P057). This implies a recognition of God's power and authority in all aspects of life.
- Purpose of Obedience: The divine purpose is not for God's benefit, as He is self-sufficient and does not require sustenance or service from His creation. The verse continues: "I do not want from them any provision, nor do I want them to feed Me." (Quran 51:57) Rather, the benefit and ultimate reward of worship are for the worshippers themselves.
- Differentiating Believers and Disbelievers: While the general creation is for worship, some scholars note that the verse is specifically referring to those who will be guided to worship. It is understood that God created some to be obedient and others to be disobedient, with the ultimate outcome being determined by their choices and God's decree. (Tabari — Jami' al-Bayan, s. V21/P553-V21/P555; Kurtubi — al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Qur'an, s. V17/P054-V17/P057).
- The Role of Knowledge: The pursuit of knowledge is also highlighted as a crucial aspect related to this purpose. Understanding oneself and one's Creator is seen as essential for true worship and for avoiding arrogance. (Razi — Mafatih al-Ghayb, s. V02/P181; Ghazali — Ihya Ulum al-Din, s. V03/P357).
In essence, the Quran teaches that life's ultimate purpose is to recognize, worship, and serve God, understanding that this path leads to true fulfillment and eternal reward.